Skip to main content

What are some examples of symbiosis in plants (aside from lichens)?

The most common definition of symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship between two different species closely interacting with each other. These interactions tend to be long term with the survival of both species hinging on the interactions. The most common example of this form of mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship in plants apart from the lichen is the mycorrhiza.


The mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship established between fungi and the roots of plants, although a mycorrhizal...

The most common definition of symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship between two different species closely interacting with each other. These interactions tend to be long term with the survival of both species hinging on the interactions. The most common example of this form of mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship in plants apart from the lichen is the mycorrhiza.


The mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship established between fungi and the roots of plants, although a mycorrhizal relationship can occur in plants that do not have roots. Examples include psilotum and bryophytes (mosses and liverworts).


The lichen symbiosis is an association between fungi and algae which develop into distinct morphological forms where the alga develops into a phycobiont and the lichen becomes the mycobiont.


Symbiosis may also be classified according to the type and level of interaction between species. When one of the organisms benefits at the expense of the other over time the relationship is described as parasitic. When an organism benefits but not at the expense of the other, the relationship is described as commensalism. A third type, the phoresy, is a loose association between the species where a smaller organism uses the larger one as a transport host.


Further details are elaborated in the link provided.

Popular posts from this blog

In chapter one of The Great Gatsby, what advice does Nick's father give him? How does this make him a good person to tell this story?

Nick says that his father advised him that, before "criticizing anyone," he "remember that all the people in this world haven't had the same advantages" as Nick.  As a result, Nick claims that he is "inclined to reserve all judgments," presenting himself to the reader as a fair and dispassionate arbiter of character, and thus, a reliable narrator.   The problem is that Nick immediately reveals himself as anything but reliable, as he then launches... Nick says that his father advised him that, before "criticizing anyone," he "remember that all the people in this world haven't had the same advantages" as Nick.  As a result, Nick claims that he is "inclined to reserve all judgments," presenting himself to the reader as a fair and dispassionate arbiter of character, and thus, a reliable narrator.   The problem is that Nick immediately reveals himself as anything but reliable, as he then launches into a discussion of how pe...

How and why does James Gatz become Jay Gatsby? Describe the young Gatsby/Gatz.

James Gatz, a poor Midwestern boy of probable Jewish lineage, becomes Jay Gatsby, a presumed WASP and wealthy socialite, when he moves to New York City and acquires his fortune. It is wealth that has allowed Gatz to transform himself into Gatsby. However, those who know his background (e.g., Daisy and Tom Buchanan) never allow him to forget that he is nouveau riche -- that is, an upstart who has just recently made his fortune,... James Gatz, a poor Midwestern boy of probable Jewish lineage, becomes Jay Gatsby, a presumed WASP and wealthy socialite, when he moves to New York City and acquires his fortune. It is wealth that has allowed Gatz to transform himself into Gatsby. However, those who know his background (e.g., Daisy and Tom Buchanan) never allow him to forget that he is nouveau riche -- that is, an upstart who has just recently made his fortune, whereas they arose from well-to-do families. Gatz became Gatsby through determination and discipline. At the end of the novel, the narr...

Explain and discuss how the definitions of freedom change for the nation, for the freedmen and for southern whites after the Civil War.

After the Civil War, the definition of freedom changed in the nation, as slavery was ended with the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. The practice of slavery was disallowed, but definition of the freedom that would take its place was a subject of controversy, ongoing debate, and even violence in the decades to come.  For freedmen, freedom often meant reconciling with their families, who were broken up by slavery; choosing which church to... After the Civil War, the definition of freedom changed in the nation, as slavery was ended with the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. The practice of slavery was disallowed, but definition of the freedom that would take its place was a subject of controversy, ongoing debate, and even violence in the decades to come.  For freedmen, freedom often meant reconciling with their families, who were broken up by slavery; choosing which church to belong to without being ordered to attend religious services (or not to attend) by their mast...