Skip to main content

When does a period of the periodic table end?

The periodic table is the diagram used to organize all of the elements discovered in groups depending on a number of different factors. Elements, or atoms with different numbers of protons and electrons, are arranged in rows referred to as "periods." The first period begins with Hydrogen, the second with Lithium, and so on. 


Each element as the period progresses has one more proton and one more electron than the previous element, and these extra...

The periodic table is the diagram used to organize all of the elements discovered in groups depending on a number of different factors. Elements, or atoms with different numbers of protons and electrons, are arranged in rows referred to as "periods." The first period begins with Hydrogen, the second with Lithium, and so on. 


Each element as the period progresses has one more proton and one more electron than the previous element, and these extra protons and electrons give different electronegetivities, weights, and other properties. A row will start over once these properties repeat themselves, thus the element directly under each element shares similar properties as the one above them. This creates columns of similar elements such as the 2nd column which is made up by the Alkaline Earth Metals (all shiny, silvery-white, full S-electron orbital).


Another way to tell a row is about to start over is when you get to an element that has all of its valence electron orbitals filled. This means there is no more room for an electron to bond to in any orbital and it is considered a Noble Gas (Krypton, Neon, Helium, etc.). This marks the end of a row and the next element begins a new orbital as it fills an S orbital spot with an electron to match the one extra proton. 


Once again, a row will start over officially once similar properties start to repeat themselves. All of the first elements in the 1st column have similar qualities, thus they are organized as such, just like the 18th column which all mark the end of a row. Hope this helped!

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

What are some external and internal conflicts that Montag has in Fahrenheit 451?

 Montag, the protagonist of Fahrenheit 451, faces both external and internal conflicts throughout the novel. Some examples of these conflicts are: External Conflicts: Conflict with the society: Montag lives in a society that prohibits books and critical thinking. He faces opposition from the government and the people who enforce this law. Montag struggles to come to terms with the fact that his society is based on censorship and control. Conflict with his wife: Montag's wife, Mildred, is completely absorbed in the shallow and meaningless entertainment provided by the government. Montag's growing dissatisfaction with his marriage adds to his external conflict. Conflict with the fire captain: Montag's superior, Captain Beatty, is the personification of the oppressive regime that Montag is fighting against. Montag's struggle against Beatty represents his external conflict with the government. Internal Conflicts: Conflict with his own beliefs: Montag, at the beginning of th...

In A People's History of the United States, why does Howard Zinn feel that Wilson made a flimsy argument for entering World War I?

"War is the health of the state," the radical writer Randolph Bourne said, in the midst of the First World War. Indeed, as the nations of Europe went to war in 1914, the governments flourished, patriotism bloomed, class struggle was stilled, and young men died in frightful numbers on the battlefields-often for a hundred yards of land, a line of trenches. -- Chapter 14, Page 350, A People's History of the United States Howard Zinn outlines his arguments for why World War I was fought in the opening paragraph of Chapter 14 (referenced above). The nationalism that was created by the Great War benefited the elite political and financial leadership of the various countries involved. Socialism, which was gaining momentum in Europe, as was class struggle, took a backseat to mobilizing for war. Zinn believes that World War I was fought for the gain of the industrial capitalists of Europe in a competition for capital and resources. He states that humanity itself was punished by t...

Where did Atticus take the light and extension cord in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Atticus brings the light to the courthouse jail so that he can protect Tom Robinson.  Atticus learns that Tom Robinson, his client, is in danger.  A group of white men want to prevent the trial and lynch Robinson. He is warned by a small group of men that appear at his house.  He refuses to back down.  Atticus knows that the Cunninghams will target his client, so he plans to sit up all night with... Atticus brings the light to the courthouse jail so that he can protect Tom Robinson.  Atticus learns that Tom Robinson, his client, is in danger.  A group of white men want to prevent the trial and lynch Robinson. He is warned by a small group of men that appear at his house.  He refuses to back down.  Atticus knows that the Cunninghams will target his client, so he plans to sit up all night with Jim if that’s what it takes to protect him.  Atticus tells the men that he will make sure his client gets his fair shake at the law.  “Link, that boy might go to the chair, but he’s not going till ...